The construction of the attic, especially in the finished house, is connected with a complete redevelopment of the roof, because to convert the attic into a cozy living quarters, it is necessary to raise it to the desired height, to insulate and provide good lighting. Let's consider the basic variants of a roof of a mansard type.
Shed roof skylight
Roofs of mansard-type houses have several basic varieties: one-pitched, two-sloping, half-horned and hip. One-pitched roof is usually arranged in houses where the project provides for a mansard floor, since it is rather difficult to calculate the correct slope of a single ramp in a ready-made building. However, such a roof makes it possible to equip a very comfortable and functional floor, as the only stingray will not strongly eat up the height of the room. But it is known that the useful area of the attic floor begins when ceilings have a height of 1.5 meters. The single-pitched roof also makes it possible to equip simpler and cheaper windows in vertical walls, since on the one hand there will always be a sufficiently high wall near which high vertical elements of the interior can be successfully located: cabinets, hangers, shelves. The most important task in designing a single-deck roof is to calculate the correct angle of its inclination, since it must successfully withstand the effects of gusts of the wind, and also on the roof, snow should not be retained. The optimal angle is 45 °, but the larger the angle, the lighter, and therefore more expensive, materials should be used for roofing.
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Gable roof
The gable roof is a well-known and familiar to all of us. Its disadvantage is that the interior of the attic is small enough with large differences in height from the corners to the center. The pediment of such a roof has the form of a triangle. The advantages of such a design can be considered reliability, ease of arrangement, strength and availability of all construction materials for construction. To expand the living space of the attic floor, the option of constructing a broken gable roof of a mansard type is used. In it, each ramp consists not of a single surface, but of two planes. The upper parts are connected with each other at an angle of 30 °, and the lower ones have an inclination relative to the upper part of 60 °. This design not only allows you to get a fairly spacious upper floor, but also protects the roof from snow accumulation in the winter.
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Semi-wool roof
The construction of such a roof is quite labor-intensive, requires the use of special equipment, materials, as well as the production of accurate calculations of the load on the walls. Such a roof is similar to a gable roof, but instead of vertical planes in the gables, it has two smaller ramps. Such roofs make it possible to equip spacious and comfortable internal floors, which consist of even several rooms, but the difficulties lie not only in the observance of construction technology, but also in how the windows will be located. Since such a roof does not have vertical surfaces, windows have to be cut in inclined ramps, which requires special construction and a special, more durable glass.
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Hip roof
Also called the T-shaped roof mansard type. This construction is a four-pitched roof with additional fractures and the removal of special, decorative or functional gable zones. A hinged roof is often the only possible constructive option for houses with a large area or various unusual forms of wall designs. Such a roof requires accurate calculations and the use of special materials for both coating and for interior decoration. Special attention is also required to the windows, their location and materials from which they will be made. The complex geometry of such a roof can create problems with clearing it of snow in the winter, so it's better to think about the measures to solve this issue immediately.
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