The human placenta is a kind of bridge between the mother and the fetus, fulfilling many functions. Through the placenta, nutrients and oxygen enter the baby, the products of the baby's vital activity are released, the placenta protects the crumb from pathogenic microorganisms, synthesizes the hormones necessary for the normal course of pregnancy. Any malfunctioning of the placenta adversely affects the baby's condition, especially premature detachment of the placenta - the separation of the child's place from the wall of the uterus is dangerous. Consider why the placenta is peeling off.
Placental abruption - symptoms
Normally, the placenta is separated from the uterus only in the third stage of labor, with the expulsion of the afterbirth. In all other cases (during pregnancy, in the first and second stages of labor), placental rejection is a serious pathology requiring immediate medical intervention. It is observed in one of 120 pregnant women, while in 15% of cases the child dies.
Suspected premature detachment of the placenta can be on the following symptoms:
- bloody discharge from the genital tract;
- uterus tension;
- severe pain in the abdomen and lower back;
- shock state (increased respiration, dizziness, nausea, blurred consciousness);
- violation of the heartbeat and motor activity of the fetus.
An accurate diagnosis is made on the basis of ultrasound and gynecological examination. Ultrasound examination allows to determine the presence and location of placental abruption, the size of the hematoma and to assess the chances of a favorable outcome.
Premature placental abruption - causes
Doctors can not say exactly why the placental abruption occurs. However, it is noted that in most cases this is due to violations in the cardiovascular system of women, as well as with the pathology of the vessels of the placenta. Especially high risk of complications with severe gestosis and hypertension: placental capillaries become brittle, brittle, and sometimes impassable for blood. The same changes occur in serious diseases not related to pregnancy: thyroid and kidney diseases, diabetes, obesity.
Detachment of the placenta may have other causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. The risk of developing pathology is higher in the following cases:
- a woman suffers from a chronic utero-placental insufficiency;
- placental abruption has already occurred in the past, especially this is typical of habitual miscarriage;
- there is a scar on the uterus. The presence of a scar at the site of attachment of the placenta is especially dangerous and requires constant monitoring;
- diagnosed with polyhydramnios or multiple pregnancies. In this case, a sharp decrease in intrauterine pressure during childbirth can provoke placental rejection;
- the woman often gave birth, and the uterine mucosa underwent irreversible changes;
- a short umbilical cord in childbirth can provoke premature placental abruption (to avoid this, the delivery is recommended with
cesarean section).
In addition, in pregnancy, autoimmune conditions occur when the body produces antibodies to its own cells. This happens very rarely, but it can be one of the causes of placental peeling.
Premature detachment of the placenta is predisposed to smoking women, as well as those who use alcohol or drugs. To provoke the same detachment of the placenta can be a strong fright (this may lead to a sharp drop in blood pressure) or a stomach injury (during an impact, fall or accident). In this case, even if there are no visible signs of premature detachment of the placenta in pregnancy , it is urgent to see a doctor.