Mitral stenosis

Stenosis of the mitral valve is the acquired heart disease, manifested in narrowing of the left atrioventricular orifice. Very often this pathology is combined with the vices of other valves. Reducing the area of ​​the lumen of the mitral valve prevents normal blood flow. As a result, an increased load on the right atrium leads to decompensation of the large circle of blood circulation, and, subsequently, to heart failure.

Causes of stenosis of the mitral valve

Among the factors contributing to the development of mitral valve stenosis, there are:

• Rheumatism as a complication after angina;
• congenital heart defects;
• tumors, thrombi and calcium deposits on valve flaps.

Symptoms of stenosis of the mitral valve

At the initial stage of the disease, severe signs of stenosis are absent, and the appearance of the patient remains practically unchanged. Gradually there are shortness of breath, palpitations, high fatigue. Sometimes cough and hemoptysis are noted. If the dyspnea is a choking hazard, then the development of pulmonary edema is possible. The patient's face becomes noticeably pale; The tip of the nose, lips, ears and hands have a cyanotic hue. In the lower part of the sternum, the so-called "heart hump" is formed. Patients are characterized by atrial fibrillation .

Auscultation with stenosis of the mitral valve is crucial in diagnosis. A specialist during the examination, even with the help of a conventional phonendoscope, can make a diagnosis, catching a "click" when opening the mitral valve, which arises from the oscillation of his compacted valves. When the area of ​​stenosis grows, there is a clapping sound and when listening to diastole. Great importance in the pathological change of hemodynamics has a high pressure in the artery and vein of the lung, as the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is disturbed.

Treatment of mitral valve stenosis

Operative intervention is the main method of treatment for stenosis of the valve. Operation is recommended in order to restore normal blood flow. Coronary artery bypass grafting is now common. As a rule, after a surgical intervention with properly organized rehabilitation with the use of antibiotics and preparations for restoring myocardial tissue, recovery comes.

If the operation is impossible, the patient should receive constant supportive treatment in order to prevent complications.

Important! Patients with stenosis of the mitral valve must be weighed in physical activities and observe the water-salt balance.