Children with HIA or, more simply, with disabilities - this is a certain group that requires special attention and approach to education.
Concept and classification
Let's try to figure out what kind of category of child population. So, the definition of "children with HIA" implies the child's temporary or permanent deviation in physical or mental development. In this case, there is a need to create for him special conditions for education and upbringing. This group can be referred to as children with disabilities, and not recognized as disabled, but in the presence of restrictions on life.
According to the basic classification, children with HIA are divided into the following categories:
- with hearing impairment;
- with speech dysfunction;
- with pathology of the musculoskeletal system;
- with the problems of mental development, the backwardness of mental development;
- with behavioral disorders and communication disorders;
- children with combined, complex developmental disorders.
Characteristics of children with HIA depends on many indicators, of which the defect is the determining one. After all, it depends on him the further practical activities of the individual.
For each category of children with HIA, special correctional training schemes are provided. As a result of such programs, a child can completely get rid of his defect or at least smooth out its manifestations and develop compensatory adaptation mechanisms.
Methods of adaptation in HIA
The type of violation, the degree of manifestation of its manifestation, the time when the defect was manifested, the surrounding conditions, the social and pedagogical environment of life exert a direct influence on the child's development. Working with children with HIA implies hard work. After all, such a child needs to pay much more attention than without disrupting development. With each variant of defects in development, a different training program is selected. But in general, their main aspects coincide.
The basic principles of teaching children with HIA are listed below:
- Motivation - it is necessary to arouse the child's interest in the surrounding world and the learning process.
- Development - it is important to create a unified process of cooperation and joint activities.
- Building interaction, assisting in adapting to the conditions of the world around us.
- Principle of psychological safety.
At the initial stage of education it is important to generate interest, willingness and ability to cooperate with the teacher, the ability to perform assignments. And the goal of education in the secondary school will already be the formation of a moral, philosophical and civic position, and also - to reveal creative abilities. As a result of training children with HIA, violations of one of the analyzers are replaced by a stronger and more sensitive work of others. A good example of this is the way in which a child with visual impairment activates compensatory mechanisms and intensively develops touch, hearing, and sense of smell.
It is worth noting the importance of family education of children with HIA, because in the circle of relatives is a large part of the life of the baby. Targeted actions of parents can significantly affect his life. After all, if they know exactly what they want to achieve, then we can count on success. In the family there is a process of becoming a child, as part of society, the formation of social values, communication skills. It must be remembered that conflict situations and any manifestations of aggression will lead to the opposite result and will have a very negative impact on the baby's still weak psyche. Thus, the family plays a major role in the formation of the personality .